Dog

 Types of dogs

1. German Shepherd

The German Shepherd, also known in Britain as an Alsatian, is a German breed of working dog of medium to large size. It is characterized by its intelligent and obedient nature.

Others names 

• German Shepherd dog
• Alsatian
• Alsatian Wolf Dog

Origin :-  Germany

Traits

Height :-     Males 60–65 cm (24–26 in)

                        Females    55–60 cm (22–24 in)

Weight:-     Males 30–40 kg (66–88 lb)

                        Females 22–32 kg (49–71 lb)

Coat     :-   Double coat

Colour  :-    Tan with black saddle, sable, solid black or bi-colour

Litter size :-     6 to 8: 40 

The breed was developed by Max von Stephanitz using various traditional German herding dogs from 1899. The breed gained international recognition after the end of World War I. The German Shepherd became the second most popular breed in the US in 2016 and the most frequently registered breed in other countries

Health

Many common ailments of the German Shepherd are a result of the inbreeding practised early in the breed's life. One such common ailment is hip and elbow dysplasia which may cause the dog to experience pain later on in life and may cause arthritis.[citation needed] A study conducted by the University of Zurich found that 45% of the police working dogs were affected by degenerative spinal stenosis, although a small sample size was used. The Orthopedic Foundation for Animals found that 19.1% of German Shepherds are affected by hip dysplasia.

The German Shepherd Dog is one of the breeds more commonly affected by degenerative myelopathy, which is caused by a mutation in the SOD1 gene. A small study in the UK showed 16% of young asymptomatic German Shepherds to be homozygous for the mutation, with a further 38% being carriers.

German Shepherds have a higher-than-normal incidence of Von Willebrand disease, a common inherited bleeding disorder,
and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), a degenerative disease of the pancreas. It is estimated that 1% of the UK population of German Shepherds has this disease.

    2. Bulldog

The Bulldog is a British breed of dog of mastiff type. It may also be known as the English Bulldog or British Bulldog. It is a stocky, muscular dog of medium size, with a large head, thick folds of skin around the face and shoulders and a relatively flat face with a protruding lower jaw. Selective breeding for appearance has led to increased susceptibility to various health problems including brachycephaly, hip dysplasia and heat sensitivity. The dogs may not be bred in the Netherlands, because of concerns about their quality of life.

 

Other names

• English Bulldog
• British Bulldog

Origin:- England

Traits

Weight :-    Males 25 kg (55 lb)

Females :-  23 kg (51 lb)

Colour :-    brindle; solid white, red, fawn or yellow; piebald

bulldogs have characteristically wide heads and shoulders along with a pronounced mandibular prognathism. There are generally thick folds of skin on the brow; round, black, wide-set eyes; a short muzzle with characteristic folds called a rope or nose roll above the nose; hanging skin under the neck; drooping lips and pointed teeth, and an underbite with an upturned jaw. The coat is short, flat, and sleek with colours of red, fawn, white, brindle, and piebald. Bulldogs have short tails that can either hang down straight or be tucked in a coiled "corkscrew" into a tail pocket.

Dogs weigh approximately 25 kg (55 lb), bitches about 23 kg (50 lb). Standard weights in the United States are lower, approximately 50 lb (23 kg) for dogs and 40 lb (18 kg) for bitches

Health 

A 2022 study in the UK of veterinary data found a life expectancy of 7.39 years, the second lowest of all breeds in the study. A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 9.8 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for crossbreeds.

A 2004 UK survey found the leading cause of death of Bulldogs to be cardiac-related (20%), cancer (18%), and old age (9%)

    3. Labrador Retriever

The Labrador Retriever, also known simply as the Labrador or Lab, is a British breed of retriever gun dog. It was developed in the United Kingdom from St. John's water dogs imported from the colony of Newfoundland (now a province of Canada), and was named after the Labrador region of that colony. It is among the most commonly kept dogs in several countries, particularly in the Western world

Other names

• Labrador

Common nicknames :- Lab

Origin :-       United Kingdom

Traits

Height :-   Males 56–57 cm (22–22.5 in)

                 Females 54–56 cm (21.5–22 in)

Weight :-  Males 29–36 kg (65–80 lb)

                  Females 25–32 kg (55–70 lb)

Coat :-  Short, dense, weather-resistant double coat

Colour :- Black, chocolate, or yellow (ranges from pale yellow to fox red)

Labradors are often friendly, energetic, and playful. It was bred as a sporting and hunting dog but is widely kept as a companion dog. Though content as a companion, these dogs are intelligent and require both physical and mental stimulation. It may also be trained as a guide or assistance dog, or for rescue or therapy work

Health 

Labrador Retrievers have a predisposition to chronic hepatitis. One UK study found a 4.14 odds ratio. Some studies report a predilection for Labrador Retriever bitches. The reason for the predilection is unknown. Ideas proposed include it being hereditary or environmental. The Labrador Retriever also shows a predisposition to other hepatobiliary diseases, including: reactive hepatitis, nodular hyperplasia, and gall bladder disease.

A UK study found the breed's average life expectancy to be 13.1 years. A joint study by the Royal Veterinary College study and The University of Sydney, concluded that chocolate-coloured Labradors have a shorter average life expectancy than other colours of Labrador (by about 10%) and are more likely to suffer some health problems. A 2024 Italian study found a life expectancy of 11 years for the breed compared to 10 years overall. A 2005 Swedish study of insurance data found that 25% of Labrador Retrievers died by the age of 10, less than the overall rate of 35% of dogs dying by the age of 10.

    4. Golden Retriever

The Golden Retriever is a Scottish breed of retriever dog of medium size. It is characterised by a gentle and affectionate nature and a striking golden coat. It is a working dog, and registration is subject to successful completion of a working trial. It is commonly kept as a companion dog and is among the most frequently registered breeds in several Western countries; some may compete in dog shows or obedience trials, or work as guide dogs.

     Others names

• Flat-coated Retriever
• Golden yellow or Golden Retriever

    Origin :-  Scotland

Traits

Height :-  Males 56–61 cm (22–24 in)

                      Females 51–56 cm (20–22 in)

Weight :-  25–34 kg (55–75 lb)

Coat :-         Flat or wavy double coat with good feathering, dense water-resistant undercoat

Colour :- Any shade of gold or cream

Litter size :- 7.2  

The Golden Retriever has a broad head with a well-defined stop, dark eyes set well apart, a wide and powerful muzzle, a large black nose, dark-pigmented and slightly drooping flews, and ears of moderate size set high and hanging with a slight fold. The neck is muscular and fairly long with loose-fitting skin, the shoulders well laid-back and long-bladed, and the body deep through the chest with well-sprung ribs. The back is usually level from withers to croup and the long, straight tail is usually carried flat, roughly in line with the back. The forelegs are straight with good bone, the hind legs are powerful with well bent stifles and muscular thighs, and the feet are cat-like.

Health 

A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 13.2 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for crossbreeds. A 2024 Italian study found a life expectancy of 10 years for the breed compared to 10 years overall. A 2005 Swedish study found that 22% of Golden Retrievers died by the age of 10, less than the overall rate of 35% of dogs dying by the age of 10.